The Supreme Court issued a 5–4 decision on Monday temporarily blocking President Donald Trump from removing Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook, marking the first time a president has attempted to oust a Fed governor since the central bank’s founding in 1913. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that Trump had not followed the procedural protections Cook was entitled to by law. Trump, who in August cited unproven mortgage fraud allegations in his push to remove Cook—the first Black woman to serve as a Fed governor—responded on social media by asserting the ruling was merely procedural and vowing to take further action. The case represents a major test of the Fed’s independence, while a separate Supreme Court ruling on the same day expanded presidential authority to fire leaders of other agencies.